¼Ò³¼ÑÛÖеÄËÎÃÀÁä
ÎÄ£ /£ ¹Ë¶ûµÂ
£ £ ½¯¼ÒµÄÀϼҳ¼£¬³¤Äêµ£Èν¯½éʯÃØÊéµÄÖܺêÌΣ¬ÔÚ×î½ü³ö°æ£¬ÓÉËû¿ÚÊöµÄ»ØÒ伡¶½¯¹«ÓëÎÒ¡·ÖУ¬¶Ô¸¦È¥ÊÀµÄËÎÃÀÁäÓÐÐí¶àÌù½ü¹Û²ì¡£½¯ÊϹ¬Í¢ÕþÖΣ¬²»Ö»Ò»°ãƽÃñ°ÙÐÕÎÞ·¨Ò»¿ú¾¿¾¹£¬ÉõÖÁµ³Õþ´óÔ±Ò²ÎÞ·¨Á˽âÏêÇé¡£Ö»ÓÐÌù½üÖ÷×ӵļҳ¼£¬ÓÚ³¯Ï¦Ïà´¦¼ä²ÅÉîÖª¹¬Í¢ÕþÖÎÈçºÎÔË×÷¡£
£ £ 1916Äê³öÉúµÄÖܺêÌÎÒ²ÊÇÕ㽷ÈË£¬Ó뽯½éʯ¼Ò×åÊÇÒöÇ×£¬×游ÖÜ¿¥Ñå¼ÓÈëËïÖÐɽÁìµ¼µÄ¸ïÃüµ³£¬²¢Ó뽯½éʯ¡¢³Â¹û·òÒ»ÆðÔÚÉϺ£ºÏ×÷֤ȯÆÚ»õÉúÒâ¡£ÖܺêÌÎ1943Äê½øÈ뽯½éʯµÄÊÌ´ÓÊÒ£¬½ÓÌæ×¼±¸¸°Ó¢ÁôѧµÄÖÐÎÄÃØÊéÓá¹ú»ª¡£¾ÝÖܺêÌνâÊÍ£¬ÓÉÓÚ½¯½éʯÕã½ÏçÒôŨÖØ£¬µ£ÈÎËûÃØÊéµÄÈËÒªÄÜÌý¶®Ëû˵µÄ»°£¬×îºÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ¾ÍÊÇÕÒÀÏÏçµ£ÈΡ£
£ £ ´Ó1943Äêµ½1958Ä꣬ÖܺêÌζ¼µ£Èν¯½éʯµÄÃØÊ飬¶øÕâ¶ÎÆÚ¼äÕýÊǽ¯½éʯÀú¾ÁËÊÂÒµÆð·üµÄ¸ß·åÓë¹Èµ×£¬×îºóÈ¡µÃÃÀ¹úÔ®ÖúÖØÐÂÁ¢×ãÓŲ́Íå¡£Ö®ºó£¬ÖܺêÌγ¤ÆÚµ£Èιú¸®ÕË·¿£¬¸ºÔð²ÆÕþ¡¢Ö÷¼Æ¹¤×÷¡£70Äê´ú£¬½¯½éʯÈÕÒæË¥ÀÏ£¬½¯¾¹úÖð½¥ÕÆȨ¡£½¯¾¹úÔ±¾ÓÐÒâÕÒÖܺêÌε£ÈβÆÕþ²¿³¤£¬µ«ÔÚËÎÃÀÁäµÄ×÷¹£ÏÂδ³É¡£½¯¾¹ú´ËºóÖð½¥½úÓÃ×ÔÒÑÅàÑøµÄÄêÇáÈËÂí£¬ÖܺêÌÎÒ²½¥½¥µ³öȨÁ¦ºËÐÄ¡£
£ £ "²¿³¤"Ö°ÎñÒý±¬ÄÚ¶·
£ £ ÖܺêÌκÜίÍñµØ±í´ï³ö¶ÔËÎÃÀÁäÐí¶à²»ÂúÖ®´¦£¬Ò»¸öÖ÷Òòµ±È»ÊÇËÎÃÀÁä×èÄÓËûµ£ÈβÆÕþ²¿³¤¡£Õâ¼þÊÂÒ²¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öÔÚ½¯½éʯÍíÄêËÎÃÀÁäÓ뽯¾¹úÕùȨµÄÆóͼÐÄ¡£
£ £ 1972Ä꽯½éʯ¾ÍÈεÚÎåÈÎ×Üͳ£¬½¯¾¹ú¼´½«½ÓÈÎÐÐÕþÔº³¤£¬ËûÃǸ¸×ÓÉÌÁ¿ºÃÒªÈÃÖܺêÌνÓÈβÆÕþ²¿³¤£¬½¯¾¹ú²¢½«´ËÊÂÃæ¸æÖܺêÌΡ£ÖܺêÌÎ˵£¬½¯¾¹úÌÃÖ¶¡¢Ê±ÈÎ×Üͳ¸®»á¼Æ³¤µÄ½¯Ð¢×ô¸æËßËû£¬ËÎÃÀÁäµÄÍâÉû¡¢´ó½ãËÎö°ÁäÖ®×Ó¿×ÁîÙ©ÕÒÉÏËÎÃÀÁ䣬ϣÍûÔÚÐÂÄÚ¸óÖе£ÈβÆÕþ²¿³¤¡£
£ £ Õâ¼þÊÂ͹ÏÔËÎÃÀÁäÓ뽯¾¹úÖ®¼äµÄì¶Ü--1948Ä꽯¾¹úµ½ÉϺ£"´òÀÏ»¢"¡¢Õû¶Ù½ðÈÚÖÈÐò£¬Òª²é°ì¿×ÁîÙ©µÄÑï×Ó¹«Ë¾£¬Ò²ÊÇÔÚËÎÃÀÁä×èÄÓÏ´ì°Ü¶ø¹é¡£´ËÊÂÒÑÔÚÁ½ÈËÐÄÖÐÁôÏÂÁ˽æµÙ¡£Èç½ñ£¬ËÎÃÀÁäÔÙ¶ÈÍƾٿ×ÁîÙ©£¬ÔٶȰÑÁ½È˽ôÕŵÄȨÁ¦¹Øϵ±íÃ滯¡£
£ £ ËÎÃÀÁä´Ë¾ÙÒý·¢·ò¸¾¼äÕùÖ´£¬×îºóÁ½È˸÷ÍËÒ»²½£¬¸÷×ÔµÄÈËÂí£¨ÖܺêÌÎÊǽ¯½éʯµÄÃØÊ飬¿×ÁîÙ©ÊÇËÎÃÀÁäµÄÍâÉû£©¶¼³ö¾Ö£¬¸ÄÓÉÀî¹ú¶¦½ÓÈΡ£½¯½éʯΪ´ËÊÂÓëËÎÃÀÁäâæÆø£¬¶À×Ô°áµ½ÑôÃ÷ɽÖñ×ÓºþסÁËÒ»¶ÎʱÈÕ¡£ÖܺêÌÎתÊö½¯Ð¢×ôµÄ˵·¨£¬ÈÏΪɽÉϵÄÆøºòÈý¯½éʯÉíÌåת»µ£¬ÖÕÖÂÒ»²¡²»Æð¡£
£ £ ά»¤¿×ËÎÌØȨÀûÒæ
£ £ ½¯½éʯËäÔçÒѾö¶¨½»°ô¸ø½¯¾¹ú£¬µ«ËÎÃÀÁäÓ뽯¾¹úµÄ¶·ÕùÖУ¬½¯¾¹ú²»Ò»¶¨Õ¼ÉϷ磬¶ø´ó¼Ò³¤½¯½éʯҲ²»Ê±ÒªÈÃËÎÃÀÁäÈý·Ö¡£³ýÁËÉÏÊö²Æ³¤Ö®Õù£¬½¯Ëθ÷ÈÃÒ»²½Ö®Í⣬ÔÚ¹úÃñµ³µ³Îñ¸ÄÔìÖУ¬ËÎÃÀÁä¸üÓ²°Ñ½¯½éʯµÄ¾ö¶¨Äæת¡£
£ £ 1953Äê¹úÃñµ³ÕÙ¿ªÆßÈ«´ó»á£¬Õ¹¿ªµ³Îñ¸ÄÔì¡£¸ôÄê½øÐÐÖÐÑëίԱµ³¼®×ܼì²é£¬½¯½éʯָʾҪ¿ª³ýʼÖÕδ¹éµÄÖÐί£¬½á¹ûµ³²¿Ç©±¨ÉÏÀ´¿×ÏéÎõ¡¢ËÎ×ÓÎĵÈ13ÈË¡£ÖܺêÌΰѹ«ÎÄËͽ»½¯½éʯºË¶¨£¬½á¹ûµÚ¶þÌìËÎÃÀÁä¾ÍÕÙ¼ûÖÜ£¬¶Ô¿×¡¢Ëν«±»³ýÃû±í´ï¼«¶È²»Âú¡£¸ôÌ죬ÖܺêÌν«´Ëʱ¨¸æ½¯½éʯ£¬´óÀÏ°åÒªËûÒÔºó²»Òª°ÑÉÐδ¾ö¶¨Ö®Ê¸æÖªËÎÃÀÁä¡£Ö®ºó£¬½¯½éʯÓÖÎÊÖܺêÌΣ¬½¯¾¹úÊÇ·ñΪÖÐÑë¼ì²éС×éµÄ³ÉÔ±£¿ÊÂʵÉϽ¯¾¹ú²¢Î´ÁÐÃûÆä¼ä¡£¾ÝÖܺêÌÎÍÆÂÛ£¬½¯½éʯÕâÑùÎÊ£¬ÊÇËÎÃÀÁäÒÉÐÄ¿ª³ý¿×ËÎÊǽ¯¾¹úµÄÖ÷Òâ¡£×îºó£¬½¯½éʯ°ÑËûÔ±¾ÒѺ˶¨µÄ¿ª³ý°¸Êջأ¬¸ÄΪ"ÈçÎÞ¸½·Ë¼°²»·¨ÑÔÐÐÕߣ¬×¼Óè²¹·¢Ðµ³Ö¤"£¬±£×¡ÁË¿×Ëεĵ³¼®¡£
£ £ ´ËÍ⣬ÁÖ²©ÎÄÖøµÄ¡¶ÊÀ¼ÍµÚÒ»·òÈËËÎÃÀÁä¡·ÊéÖУ¬ÔòÌáµ½1967ÄêËÎÃÀÁäÓÐÒâÈÃËýÐÀÉ͵ĽÒÔÕýµ£ÈÎÐÂΞֳ¤£¬È´±»½¯¾¹ú·âɱ£¬»»ÉϽ¯¾¹úϲ°®¡¢³£»á²©½¯¾¹ú»¶ÐĵÄ"¶«·½Ë·"κ¾°ÃÉ¡£
£ £ ÖܺêÌλ¹Ìáµ½ËÎÃÀÁäÆäËû¸ºÃæÖ®´¦£¬°üÀ¨ÀûÓÃÌØȨ·¢¸ø¿×ËμÒÈËÍâ½»»¤ÕÕ£¬1948ÄêÄÚÕ½¹úÃñµ³½Ú½Ú°ÜÍË£¬ËÎÃÀÁäÖ»Éí¸°ÃÀÓÎ˵£»ÅλñµÃÃÀ·½Ö§³Ö¡£Ö®ºó¹úÃñµ³½ºÓÈÕÏ£¬ËÎÃÀÁäδÄÜÕùÈ¡µ½ÃÀ·½Ö§³Ö¡£·´¶øÖÍÃÀÒ»Äê¶à1949¹úÃñµ³À´Ì¨ºó£¬ËÎÃÀÁ仹ÅÉ¿×ÏéÎõµÄÅ®Ðö¡¢¿×ÁîÒÇÇ°·ò³Â¼Ì¶÷À´ºó£¬È°Ëµ½¯½éʯ¸°ÈðÊ¿"ÐÝÑø"¡£Õâ¸ö´«ÎžÏã¸ÛýÌ屨µÀ£¬ÒýÆð̨ÍåÄÚ²¿¿Ö»Å¡£¾ÝÖܺêÌÎ˵£¬¶Ô´Ë´«ÎŽ¯½éʯ²¢²»ÈçÒÔÍù»áÉúÆøµØ²µ³âÒ¥ÑÔ¡£ÖܺêÌξݴËÍƲ⣬µ±Ê±ËÎÃÀÁäÒ²ÐíÕæÓдËÒâ¡£
£ £ 1950Äê1ÔÂËÎÃÀÁäÖÕÓÚÀ´Ì¨£¬À´Ì¨Ç°£¬³Â³ÏÒÑָʾÐ˽¨¹ÙÛ¡¡£µ±Ê±Ä»ÁžõµÃ¹úÄѵ±Í·£¬Áìµ¼ÈË·ò¸¾Ç¨ÈëºÀ»ªÐÂÛ¡»áÒýÆðÍâ½çÅúÆÀ¡£ÖܺêÌΡ¢²ÜÊ¥·Ò¡¢ÏĹ¦È¨ÓëÓá¼ÃʱµÈÄêÇá¸É²¿¹²Í¬Á¬ÊðÇ©³Ê£¬Ç뽯ÊÏ·ò¸¾ÔÝʱ²»ÒªÇ¨¾Ó£¬¶øËÎÃÀÁäÒ²µ±×ÅÓá¼Ãʱ֮Ãæ´ðÓ¦£¬²»ÁϲŰë¸ö¶àÔ£¬½¯ÊÏ·ò¸¾»¹ÊÇǨÈëоӡ£
£ £ ½¯ËνԴæ"¼ÒÌìÏÂ"ÐÄ̬
£ £ ÎåÁùÊ®Äê´ú£¬ËÎÃÀÁäÖ÷µ¼£¬¿×ËμÒ×å²ÙÅ̵Ä"ÖйúÓÎ˵ÍÅ"ÔÚÃÀ¹úºô·ç»½Ó꣬±»ÊÓΪËÎÃÀÁäÒ»´óÍâ½»¹¦¼¨£¬Ò²ÓÐÖúÓÚÃÀ¹ú¶Ǫ̂ÍåµÄÖ§³Ö¡£
£ £ ²»¹ý£¬ÖܺêÌÎÖ¸³ö£¬º«Õ½±¬·¢ºó£¬µ±Ê±½¯½éʯµÄ˽ÈËÍâ½»´ú±í¶ÏÔ¹â¸æËßËû£¬ÃÀ¹úÓÐÒâÒÔÎâ¹úèåÈ¡´ú½¯½éʯ£¬ÖÁÓÚ½¯½éʯÄØ£¿¶ÏÔ¹â˵£º"·òÈ˸æËßÎÒ£¬ÂíЪ¶û´ðÓ¦Ëý£¬ÔÚ×îΣÏÕµÄʱºò£¨½¯½éʯ£©µ½ÃÀ¹úÈ¥£¡"¶ÏԹⲢÅúÆÀËÎÃÀÁ䣺"°ÑÂó˧·Ą̃µÄÏêÇéÓÃ20Ò³µÄÐÅÖ½¸æËßÁËÂíЪ¶û£¬ËýµÈÓÚÌæ×ܲõÄ×î´óÕþµÐ×öÇ鱨¡£"
£ £ ÖܺêÌζÔËÎÃÀÁäµÄ¸ºÃæ¿´·¨£¬³ýÁ˺ÍËûÊË;ΪËÎËù×èÓйأ¬ÁíÒ»·½ÃæҲ˵Ã÷½¯½éʯµÄµÕϵĻÁÅÓëËÎÃÀÁäÓë¿×ËμÒ×åÒ»ÅÉÊÆÁ¦Ö®¼äµÄÓè¶Ü£¬¶øÓëÖܺêÌÎͬÄê½øÈ뽯½éʯÊÌ´ÓÊÒ¡¢³¤ÆÚµ£Èν¯½éʯÓùÒ½µÄÁíÒ»¸ö¼Ò³¼ÐÜÍ裬¶ÔËÎÃÀÁäÓ뽯¾¹úÖ®¼äµÄ³åÍ»ÔòÃ÷ÏԵؽÏÇãÏòËΡ£
£ £ ÖܺêÌÎÕ¾ÔÚ½¯½éʯһ½¯¾¹úÕâ¸ö¸¸ÏµÈ¨Á¦´«³ÐÖ÷Öá¿´ËÎÃÀÁ䣬ҲÐíÕâ¶ÔËÎÃÀÁäÕâλ²ÅÄܳöÖÚÈ´ÉíÏÝÓÚ´«Í³ºÀ߸Ȩ½á¹¹ÖеÄÅ®ÐÔ²¢²»Ê®·Ö¹«ÔÊ¡£½¯½éʯ½«Éç𢴫×Ó£¬ÏÔʾÁË"¼ÒÌìÏÂ"µÄ˽ÐÄ£¬¶øËÎÃÀÁäÔÚÐí¶àÓ°Ïì¹ú¼ÒµÄÖØ´óʼþÉÏ£¬¹ýÓÚÆ«Ì»¿×ËÎÄï¼Ò£¬ÊÂʵÉÏÒ²ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ"¼ÒÌìÏÂ"µÄ±íÏÖ£¬Ö»ÊÇËýÏ£ÍûÕâ¸öÌìÏ£¬¿×ËμÒÄÜÓ뽯¼Ò·ÖÏíȨÁ¦£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÓÉ·ÇËýËù³öµÄ½¯¾¹ú¶ÀÕ¼¡£
£¨Õª×Ô¡¶ÐÂÐÂÎÅ¡·Öܱ¨£©
|